It is remarkable that various distinct physical phenomena, such as wave propagation, heat diffusion, electron movement in quantum mechanics, oscillations of fluid in a container, can be described using the same differential operator, the Laplacian. Spectral data (i.e., eigenvalues and eigenfunctions) of the Laplacian depend in a subtle way on the geometry of the underlying object, e.g., a Euclidean domain or a Riemannian manifold, on which the operator is defined. This dependence, or, rather, the interplay between the geometry and the spectrum, is the main subject of spectral geometry. Its roots can be traced to Ernst Chladni's experiments with vibrating plates, Lord Rayleigh's theory of sound, and Mark Kac's celebrated question ``Can one hear the shape of a drum?'' In the second half of the twentieth century spectral geometry emerged as a separate branch of geometric analysis. Nowadays it is a rapidly developing area of mathematics, with close connections to other fields, such as
