The seventh edition of this widely utilized handbook provides a user-friendly and original and innovative introduction to comparative constitutional law, with specific reference to liberal democracies and states under the rule of law. For each area of constitutional law of such systems, a general introduction and a comparative overview is provided, followed by more detailed country chapters on that specific area. Though the book focusses extensively on selected countries, references to other states and their constitutional models have also been included for a general background and comparison. In this seventh edition, the author has expanded several chapters to provide more detail on national legal systems to offer constitutional comparison. The book has been updated to include constitutional events until April 2023. Constitutions Compared most notably includes many constitutional developments in the constitutional systems within our scope. That includes the new compositions of the
