Much city marketing and branding activity is future-oriented; aimed at achieving a forward-looking vision for places. The aim of this activity is to attract visitors, residents and/or inward investment, and focus on communicating attractive place attributes to create a differentiated spatial ‘product’ that will appeal to particular target audiences. In seeking to achieve this, place marketing campaigns have been criticized for emphasizing generic attributes, such as accessibility, infrastructure and a skilled workforce—which can serve to homogenize places which in reality are very different. However, a city’s distinctive character is a consequence of its history and development over time, and this book analyses the role of these temporal dimensions in place marketing and branding. The book analyses how the past—both material (i.e. the historic built environment) and intangible (i.e. routines, practices and the ‘character’ of the populace)—is appropriated, in order to ‘sell’ the city
